Typ Kronos

In the vertical gradient freeze (VGF) process, a crystal solidifies directionally in a crucible with vertical temperature gradient. Compared to the Czochralski process, this provides the advantage of lower stress and dislocation density in the crystal, while at the same time allowing a simpler process control. This process is particularly suitable for growing compound semiconductor crystals such as GaAs or InP, or for growing germanium or CaF2.